He was asked for his views on the safety of London's roads after the man was hit by an Olympic bus on Wednesday.
It has not been revealed whether the victim, 28, was wearing a helmet, but Wiggins said forcing cyclists to take precautions would make the roads safer.
The London Cycling Campaign described the call as a "damaging diversion".
Wiggins, speaking after winning his Olympic gold medal in Wednesday's time trial, said making it illegal to cycle without a helmet would make the roads safer "because ultimately, if you get knocked off and you ain't got a helmet on, then how can you kind of argue".
He added: "[People] shouldn't be riding along with iPods and phones and things on and [they] should have lights and all those things.
"So I think when there's laws passed for cyclists, then you're protected and you can say, well, I've done everything to be safe."
He went on: "It's dangerous and London is a busy city with a lot of traffic. I think we have to help ourselves sometimes.
"I haven't lived in London for 10 to 15 years now and it's got a lot busier since I was riding a bike as a kid round here, and I got knocked off several times.
"But at the end of the day we've all got to co-exist on the roads. Cyclists are not ever going to go away, as much as drivers moan, and as much as cyclists maybe moan about certain drivers they are never going to go away, so there's got to be a bit of give and take."
The fatal crash, involving a bus carrying media workers from the Olympics, happened close to the hockey centre, velodrome and Paralympic tennis arena at about 19:45 BST, at the junction of Ruckholt Road and East Cross Route in Hackney.
The bus driver was held on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving. A 65-year-old man was later released on bail pending further inquiries.
Gerhard Weiss, from London Cycling Campaign, said the group had been consulted when the first planning applications came out for the Olympic Park.
He said the authorities had been warned that Ruckholt Road was a "danger zone" in 2009, adding: "Helmets have nothing to do with collisions and it's a side-issue and a serious diversion."
Mr Weiss said: "The junction has never been good for cycling and we hoped that the Olympics would have been a good opportunity to improve matters but that didn't seem to happen."
London Mayor Boris Johnson said there were no plans to require cyclists to wear helmets or to provide them for the capital's fleet of hire bikes.
He said: "I think he's [Bradley Wiggins] quite right to say that people should do if they've got one.
"But we've absolutely no plans to make them mandatory.
"But the evidence is mixed. I have to say that in countries where they have made them compulsory, it hasn't always necessarily been good for cycling."
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